Technical writers at the beginning of their careers often find themselves confused about what constitutes technical writing in the first place. There are many different applications for the new author and they can often find that not all of them are truly "technical." So, for the new professional, here is a quick list of some common documents that you may be asked to believe and what they are for.
Background Reports
Unless you work for the CIA, this usually means a report about a person and his life and habits. A background report is usually a brief study (1 or 2 pages) on the application of a specific aspect of technology (for example, the use of photovoltaic cells in the transfer of solar energy). Typically, these reports are generated for a specific (and paid) audience and are unique in their application rather than generic.
Instruction sets
More commonly known as user guides or manuals, these are the basic product of many technical authors and are self-explanatory. They are the "how to make x, y and z" of a product or service.
Feasibility Studies
These studies examine whether it is possible and / or advisable to undertake a specific project or task within a specific business environment.
Recommendations Reports
This report is usually a comparison of 2 or more alternative actions that a company could choose to carry out, with a specific recommendation of which route is best considered at that time.
Evaluation Reports
Here the technical author will examine the outcome of a particular project and determine the benefits and return on investment. Often called evaluation reports, they are a key part of the project life cycle and can inform future projects and investments.
Investigation report
These are usually scientific in nature and describe the results of a series of tasks, such as laboratory experiments or market surveys. The focus of these reports is not only the result, but also the methodology under which the results were created.
Functional Specification Documents
This document is normally associated with a new product and, in particular, with software. You are trying to capture the full functionality of the offer, in as much detail as possible. Functional specifications are often dense and poor proof of a writer's ability, as they tend to offer verbal descriptions that encapsulate all requirements.
Proposals
A proposal is a suggestion for a project, and can be found on thousands of pages for very complex works. The author's job is to create a platform on which the proposal can be evaluated and, in general, must comply with industry and organization guidelines.
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